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» History of WWW » Who Controls the World Wide Web » FAQs

Introduction

World Wide Web shortly termed as WWW is the name given to all the publicly accessible web sites in the world, in addition to other information sources that web browsers can access. The other sources comprise of FTP sites, USENET newsgroups, and a few surviving Gopher sites.

"The Internet" refers to the worldwide network of interconnected computers, all of which use a common protocol known as TCP/IP to communicate with each other. Every publicly accessible web site is hosted by a web server computer, which is a part of the Internet.

Birth of Internet:

Computers were not a new concept since 1950 but their number was very minimal.

Technological developments in the field of computer were limited to military equipments like cryptography, radar, and battlefield communications which were very popular during the Second World War. There was no such development in the field of computer science, it was at its very infancy.

The Soviets launched Sputnik On October 4, 1957, the launch of Sputnik and the U.S.S.R. testing its first intercontinental ballistic missile led to the birth of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). They year 1958 witnessed the emergence of, NASA and the activities of ARPA moved away from aeronautics and focused mainly on computer science and information processing. One of the major motives of ARPA's was to connect mainframe computers at different universities around the country so that they would be able to communicate using a common language and a common protocol. Finally in 1969, ARPAnet -- the world's first multiple-site computer network was created.

ARPAnet gradually developed into the Internet, the major concept behind the Internet was that there would be multiple independent networks that began with the ARPAnet as the pioneering packet-switching network but would soon include packet satellite networks and ground-based packet radio networks.

The very first web site was - nxoc01.cern.ch, and the very first web page was:
http://nxoc01.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html.

That site shut down a long time ago. For more information, and a later copy of those early pages, see later (1992) copy of the original pages exists at - http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

Invention of WWW:

Tim Berners-Lee invented WWW or World Wide Web in the year 1990 while he was working at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research). Tim also gave the concept of World Wide Web Consortium, used for the standardization and improvement World Wide Web-related things such as the HTML markup language in which web pages are written.
 
Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser and the first web server. Tim Berners-Lee invented both the HTML markup language and the HTTP protocol used to request and transmit web pages between web servers and web browsers, in addition to coining the phase.