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» About Google » Revenue Streams » Acquisitions of Google » Features and Products » Google's Products Milestones » Google’s IPO

Google Inc. is an American multinational software corporation, first incorporated as a privately held corporation in September, 1998, that specializes in search engine, information retrieval technology and online advertising. With a market capitalization of over US$83.09 billion as of June 2006, Google is the largest internet search company in the world, almost twice as large as arch-rival Yahoo! The company employs approximately 6,800 employees and is based in Mountain View, California.

Google: - As a Noun and Verb. The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol,"  which refers to 10100(a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros). Google has become well known for its corporate culture and innovative, clean products, and has a major impact on online culture. The verb "to google" has come to mean "to perform a Web search", usually with the Google search engine.

Google’s beginning
Google began as a research project in January, 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students at Stanford University. They hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better results than existing techniques which essentially ranked results according to how many times the search term appeared on a page.

It was originally nicknamed “BackRub,” because the system checked back links to estimate a site’s importance. A small search engine called RankDex was already exploring a similar strategy.

Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. Originally the search engine used the Stanford University website with the domain google.stanford.edu. The domain google.com was registered on September 15, 1997, and the company was incorporated as Google Inc. on September 7, 1998 at a friend’s garage in Menlo Park, California.

U.S. Patent 6,285,999 describing Google’s ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on September 4, 2001. The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.

Growth
With Google’s gargantuan size comes more competition from large mainstream technology companies. One such example is its rivalry with Microsoft. Microsoft has been touting its MSN Search engine, and more recently its Windows Live search in February, 2006, to counter Google’s competitive position. Furthermore, the two companies are increasingly offering overlapping services, such as web mail (Gmail vs. Hotmail), search (both online and local desktop searching), and other applications (for example, Microsoft’s Windows Live Local competes with Google Local) and many acquisitions.

Acquaintances of Google:

• On September 28, 2005, Google announced a long-term research partnership with NASA which would involve Google building a 1-million square foot R&D center at NASA’s Ames Research Center. NASA and Google are planning to work together on a variety of areas, including large-scale data management, massively distributed computing, bio-info-nano convergence, and encouragement of the entrepreneurial space industry.
  
• Time Warner’s AOL unit and Google unveiled an expanded partnership on December 21, 2005, including an enhanced global advertising partnership and a $1 Billion investment by Google for a 5% stake in AOL.
  
• Additionally, Google has also recently formed a partnership with Sun Microsystems to help share and distribute each other’s technologies. As part of the partnership Google will hire employees to help in the open source office program OpenOffice.org.
  
• Google has also recently begun to experiment with other markets, such as radio and print publications. On January 17, 2006, Google announced that it had purchased the radio advertising company dMarc, which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio.
  
• Google was added to the Standard & Poor’s 500 index (S&P 500) on March 31, 2006. Google replaced Burlington Resources, a major oil producer based in Houston which was acquired by ConocoPhillips.